Social Security/Health Insurance – Germany

1. Health Insurance
2. Other Social Security Schemes

1. Health Insurance

A. Health Care Schemes (State-Organised)

1. Migrant Sex Workers with a Residence Permit and Work Permit
a) Self-Employed Prostitutes

Self-employed prostitutes cannot register within the state-organised health care schemes. They need private insurance.

b) If Employed as a Prostitute/Barmaid/Waitress/Dancer

Migrants employed as prostitutes, barmaids, waitresses, dancers etc. holding a residence permit and work permit or an unlimited residence permit must register for health care schemes like all other employees. Fees are deducted directly and forwarded from the employee’s salary by the employer. It is not necessary that there be a written contract between employer and sex worker. The crucial point is that there exist an employment relationship in actual fact between the employer and the employee.

Please note:
It is not possible to obtain a work permit for prostitution; these are not issued. Migrant prostitutes, therefore, need an unlimited residence permit, because only then do they not need an additional permit to work, since the right to work is included in their residence permit.
2. Migrants without Legal Status

These are excluded from social security and health care schemes. In cases of emergency, they receive free health treatment in hospitals.

B. Private Health Insurance

Women not eligible to register in state health care schemes have to obtain private health insurance.
Insurance as a Sex Worker
In Germany, migrant sex workers cannot be privately health insured as sex workers. Their only possibility is to obtain short-term private insurance as a tourist.

2. Other Social Security Schemes

A. Self-Employed Prostitutes

Self-employed prostitutes cannot register within the general social security system.

B. If Employed as a Prostitute/Barmaid/Waitress/Dancer with a Residence Permit and Work Permit

These must register for pension and social security schemes like all other employees. Contributions are deducted directly and forwarded from the employee’s salary by the employer. The women are entitled to participate in the social security schemes. This means they have an enforceable legal claim against the employer that the latter deduct the contributions.
Please note:
It is not possible to obtain a work permit for prostitution; these are not issued. Migrant prostitutes, therefore, need an unlimited residence permit, because only then they do not need an additional permit to work, since the right to work is included in their residence permit.

C. Migrants without Legal Status

These cannot register.
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